Poetry’s Political Future(s): Deliberating Democracy and Justice in Somaliland

References

1. Abokor, Axmed Cali. 1993. Somali Pastoral Work Songs: The Poetic Voice of the Politically Powerless. Uppsala: EPOS, Research Programme on Environmental Policy and Society, Department of Social and Economic Geography, Uppsala University.
2. Afrax, Maxamed Daahir. 1994. “The Mirror of Culture: Somali Dissolution Seen Through Oral Expression.” In The Somali Challenge: From Catastrophe to Renewal, edited by Ahmed I. Samatar, 233–251. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
3. Afrax, Maxamed Daahir. 2013. Between Continuity and Innovation: Transitional Nature of Post-Independence Somali Poetry and Drama, 1960s-the Present. PhD diss., SOAS, University of London.
4. Ahad, Ali Mumin. 2015. Somali Oral Poetry and the Failed She-Camel Nation State: A Critical Discourse Analysis of the Deelley Poetry Debate (1979–1980). New York: Peter Lang.
5. Ahmed, Ali Jimale. 1996. Daybreak is Near… Literature, Clans and the Nation-State in Somalia. Asmara, Eritrea: The Red Sea Press, Inc.
6. Ali, Nimo-Ilhan. 2013. “Youth in Somaliland: Education and Employment.” SMOIK/SSMOCI Bulletin 37: 26–32.
7. Ali, Nimo-Ilhan. 2016. “Going on Tahriib: The Causes and Consequences of Somali Youth Migration to Europe.” London and Nairobi: Rift Valley Institute (Research Paper 5).
8. Andrzejewski, B. W., and Musa H. I. Galaal. 1963. “A Somali Poetic Combat.” Journal of African Languages 2 (1, 2, 3): 15–28, 93–100, 190–205.
9. Axel, Brian Keith. 2002. “The Diasporic Imaginary.” Public Culture 14 (2), 422–428.
10. Barbera, Pablo. 2020 “Social Media, Echo Chambers and Political Polarization.” In Social Media and Democracy: The State of the Field and Prospects for Reform, edited by Nathanial Perpily and Joshua A. Tucker, 34–55. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
11. Barber, Karin. 1987. “Popular Arts in Africa.” African Studies Review 30 (3): 1–78.
12. Barber, Karin. 2007. The Anthropology of Texts, Persons and Publics: Oral and Written Culture in Africa and Beyond. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
13. Barnes, Cedric. 2006. “Gubo – Ogaaden Poetry and the Aftermath of the Dervish Wars.” Journal of African Cultural Studies 18 (1): 105–117.
14. Bosire, Moyaka. 2019. “Sheng: Expressivity, Creativity, and Rebellion in Nairobi.” In Africa Every Day: Fun, Leisure, and Expressive Content on the Continent, edited by Oluwakemi M. Balogun, Lisa Gilman, Melissa Graboyes, and Habib Iddrisu, 189–199. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press.
15. Burke, Jason. 2018. “Somaliland Poet Jailed for Three Years in Crackdown on Writers.” The Guardian, 18/04/2018. Accessed April 19, 2024. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/apr/18/somaliland-poet-naima-abwaan-qorane-jailed-for-three-years-in-crackdown-on-writers
16. Chonka, Peter. 2019. “#Bookfairs: New ‘Old’ Media and the Digital Politics of Somali Literary Promotion.” New Media and Society 21 (11–12): 2628–2647.
17. Ducaale, Boobe Yuusuf. 2017. Deelleey: Saadal Rumowday. Hargeysa: Bobe Publications.
18. Durham, Deborah. 2004. “Disappearing Youth: Youth as a Social Shifter in Botswana.” American Ethnologist 31 (3): 589–605.
19. Dzisah, W. S. 2018. “Social Media and Elections in Ghana: Enhancing Democratic Participation.” African Journalism Studies 39 (1): 27–47.
20. Fabian, Johannes. 1998. Moments of Freedom: Anthropology and Popular Culture. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.
21. Gadhweyne, Rashiid Sheikh Cabdullahi,ed. 2009. War and Peace: An Anthology of Somali Literature (Suugaanta Nabadda iyo Colaadda). London and Pisa: Progressio and Ponte Invisible.
22. Goldstone, Brian and Juan Obarrio (eds.). 2017. African Futures: Essays on Crisis, Emergence, and Possibility. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
23. Hassan, Dahabo F., Amina H. Adan, and Amina M. Warsame. 1995. “Somalia: Poetry as Resistance Against Colonialism and Patriarchy.” In Subversive Women: Historical Experience of Gender and Resistance, edited by Saskia Wieringa. London: Zed Books.
24. Idaaja, Axmed Faarax Cali, and Ibraahim Cawad “Khooli”. 2001. Diiwaanka Maansadii Deelley. Rome: L’Harmattan.
25. Issa-Salwe, Abdisalam M. 2008. “The Internet and the Somali Diaspora: The Web as a Means of Expression.” Bildhaan: An International Journal of Somali Studies 6 (1): 54–67.
26. Issa-Salwe, Abdisalam M. 2010. “The Internet Medium and Poetry Transmission: The Poetry Combat of Doodwanaag.” Accessed via WardheerNews.com. Originally published 2009 by Halabuur Centre for Culture and Communication 2 (1): 12–19.
27. Jama, Jama Musse. 2021. “Tidcan: Multiple Alliteration in Somali Songs – New Insights.” International Journal of Literature and Arts 9 (3): 124–142.
28. Johnson, John W. 2006. “Orality, Literacy and Somali Oral Poetry.” Journal of African Cultural Studies 18 (1): 119–136.
29. Kapteijns, Lidwein (with Maryan Omar Ali). 1999. Women’s Voices in a Man’s World: Women and the Pastoral Tradition in Northern Somali Orature, c. 1899–1879. Portsmouth, NH: Heineman.
30. Kunreuther, Laura. 2014. Voicing Subjects: Public Intimacy and Mediation in Kathmandu. Berkeley: University of California Press.
31. Laitin, David D. 1977. Politics, Language and Thought: The Somali Experience. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
32. Ortiz, Jose, Amber Young, Michael D. Myers, Rudolph T. Bedeley, Donal Carbaugh, Hameed Chughtai, Elizabeth Davidson, Jordana George, Janis Gogan, Steve Gordan, Eean Grimshaw, Dorothy E. Leidner, Margaret Pulver, and Ariel Wigdor. 2019. “Giving Voice to the Voiceless: The Use of Digital Technologies by Marginalized Groups.” Communications of the Association for Information Systems 45: 20–38.
33. Rirash, Mohamed Abdillahi. 1992. “Somali Oral Poetry as a Vehicle for Understanding Disequilibrium and Conflicts in a Pastoral Society.” Nomadic Peoples 30: 114–121.
34. Samatar, Said. 1982. Oral Poetry and Somali Nationalism: The Case of Sayyid Mahammad ‘Abdille Hasan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
35. Samatar, Said. 1989. “Oral Poetry and Political Dissent in Somali Society: The Hurgumo Series.” Ufahamu: Journal of the African Activist Association 17 (2): 31–52.
36. Samatar, Said 2010. “Somalia: A Nation’s Literary Death Tops its Political Demise.” In Milk and Peace, Drought and War: Somali Culture, Society and Politics, edited by Markus Hoehne and Virginia Luling, 205–220. London: Hurst Publishing.
37. Shaacir, Yuusuf Cismaan Cabdille. 2020. Diiwaanka Siinley: Silsiladdii ay Kacaanka Isa-seegeen (daabacadda 2aad). Hargeysa: Hill Press.
38. Sunstein, Cass R. 2018. #Republic: Divided Democracy in the Age of Social Media. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
39. Thomas, Lynn M., and Jennifer Cole 2009. “Introduction: Thinking Through Love in Africa.” In Love in Africa, edited by Jennifer Cole and Lynn M. Thomas, 1–30. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
40. Verjee, Aly, Adan Y. Abokor, Haroon A. Yusuf, Amina M. Warsame, Muhammad A. Farah, and Mohamed F. Hirsi. 2015. “The Economics of Elections in Somaliland: The Financing of Political Parties and Candidates.” London and Nairobi: Rift Valley Institute (Research Paper 3).
41. Woolner, Christina J. 2016. “Education and Extraversion: Naming, Valuing and Contesting ‘Modern’ and ‘Indigenous’ Knowledge in Post-war Somaliland.” Journal of Eastern African Studies 10 (3): 413–433.
42. Woolner, Christina J. 2023. Love Songs in Motion: Voicing Intimacy in Somaliland. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
43. Woolner, Christina J. and Xasan Daahir Ismaaciil “Weedhsame.” 2024. “‘Giving Voice’ in Somaliland: A Conversation about Poetic Voice, Authority and Responsibility.” Artery: A Podcast On Art, Authorship and Anthropology, Series 3, Episode 1. Available at: https://audioboom.com/posts/8499579-xasan-daahir-ismaaciil-weedhsame-with-christina-woolner